HVDC cables are important for the ongoing electrification of the society to more sustainable. Solar parks and wind farms are used as renewable energy sources; however, these are often located far from where the energy is needed. To transfer electrical energy long distance, high voltage direct current (HVDC) technology is used, where as high voltage as possible is preferred in order to limit the losses. Increased state-of-the-art understanding of the underlying physical processes is important to push the efficiency, compactness, and reliability to a next level. This put high demands on the insulation material used. Even though HVDC cables can be long, kilometers, the high demands on the material goes down to properties at atomic scale.
The concentration and diffusion of different chemical species play an important role in the conductivity and breakdown of a high voltage cable. The present accepted model is simulation of diffusion process by using the Fick’s laws. The Fick’s laws re...